What did princes and Cossacks drink? Explore the traditional beverages of Ukraine.
In the history of every nation, beverages have played a significant role, but Ukrainian tradition stands out for its diversity and technological excellence. From ancient methods of fermenting honey to modern distillation technologies, Ukrainians have always paid special attention to the quality and culture of beverage consumption, creating unique recipes that are now known far beyond our borders.
The culture of beverage consumption in Ukraine has a millennia-long history, closely intertwined with the development of our statehood and national traditions. From Scythian times to the present day, Ukrainians have established a unique culture of producing and consuming both alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks.
Scythian Heritage
The earliest written mentions of beverage consumption culture in Ukraine date back to ancient times. The Greeks described the Scythians as lovers of undiluted wine, which was unusual for Hellenic culture. The Roman poet Ovid referred to a mysterious drink called "sgrobina," while the historian Priscus of Panium wrote about "kamos," a barley-based drink resembling beer.
Honey Times of Kievan Rus
During the Kievan Rus period, mead became particularly popular—a drink produced by fermenting honey. Its strength ranged from 9 to 14 degrees. Kvass (syravets) and beer (then referred to as "solod") were also widely consumed. Interestingly, according to the "Russian Truth," state officials who were believers were required to receive seven buckets of solod per week.
Revolution in Beverages: The Emergence of Vodka
A true revolution in beverage culture occurred after the Ukrainian lands joined the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. During this time, the technology for distilling alcohol was introduced. The new drink was called "wine," and the places where it was produced were known as "vinokurni." The term "okovita" (from the Latin aqua vitae — "living water") and "vodka" emerged due to the burning sensation in the throat when consumed.
Cossack Period
Contrary to the common myth of excessive consumption of strong drinks by the Cossacks, historical documents indicate the more refined tastes of the Zaporozhians. For instance, in the inventory of the last hetman, Petro Kalnytsky, a significant stock of imported wines is found. During the Hetmanate, vodka production became an important export item, especially to the Tsardom of Moscow.
Features of the Ukrainian Tradition
A unique feature of Ukrainian vodka consumption culture was that it was often served warm (heated). This indicated the high quality of the drink, as heating brings out all possible impurities. Various infusions were also popular: varenukha, zapekanka, kusaka, musilets.
Modern Times
Today, a signature product of Ukraine in the international alcoholic beverage market is pepper vodka. Despite challenging periods in history, particularly the destructive anti-alcohol campaign during Gorbachev's era, the Ukrainian alcohol industry has preserved traditions of quality production. Modern Ukraine produces a wide range of beverages: from traditional vodkas to wines, brandies, beers, and ciders.
The history of Ukrainian beverages is not merely a chronicle of alcohol consumption but a reflection of the rich culture, traditions, and development of our people. It illustrates how Ukrainian tastes have changed over the centuries while maintaining a special focus on quality and consumption culture.
Previously, "Telegraph" reported on who actually invented vodka and when it appeared in Ukraine. The popular myth still claims that the creator of vodka was D. Mendeleev.